Abdul Hamid II
Name of leader: Abdul Hamid II
Lifespan: 1842–1918
Title: Sultan
Nicknames: Abdul the Damned , Red Sultan (after Armenian Genocide)
Country/region: Ottoman Empire
Years in power: 1876-1909
Ideology, motivation, goals:
-Liberal principle
- Aggressive approach to reform
Significant actions and events during term of power:
- 1876: international conference in Istanbul where a constitution was unveiled. Abdul Hamid rejected constitution and exiled writer and vizier, Midhat Pasa.
-1892-1894: Series of revolts of Armenians; Armenian Genocide (Ottomans killed about 100,000 Armenians.)
-1908: Young Turk Revolution
- 1908: Committee of Union and Progress restored 1876 constitution.
- 1909: Hamid forced from power and exiled.
- Improved transportation with railroads.
- Encouraged the building of Mecca railroad making Islam's holy places more accessible
- Subsidized the pan-Islamic policy of Jamal-ud-Din al-Afghani whom he imprisoned.
- Encouraged widespread support for himself as the head of caliphate.
- Much loss of Balkans
- Growing European intervention
- Emergence of the Committee of Union and Progress (reformers who oppose to the sultan's disregard for the notion of reform.)
- Attempted to bring Kurdish tribes into his own control.
-Armenian Nationalist Movements were going on.
-Egypt: Hamid failed to reassert Ottoman control of it leading to British taking control of it.
Short-term effects:
- Empire became unable to repay foreign debt
Long-term effects:
- Constitution
- Loss of Ottoman Territory
Analysis By Reema N
1750-1914
Lifespan: 1842–1918
Title: Sultan
Nicknames: Abdul the Damned , Red Sultan (after Armenian Genocide)
Country/region: Ottoman Empire
Years in power: 1876-1909
Ideology, motivation, goals:
-Liberal principle
- Aggressive approach to reform
Significant actions and events during term of power:
- 1876: international conference in Istanbul where a constitution was unveiled. Abdul Hamid rejected constitution and exiled writer and vizier, Midhat Pasa.
-1892-1894: Series of revolts of Armenians; Armenian Genocide (Ottomans killed about 100,000 Armenians.)
-1908: Young Turk Revolution
- 1908: Committee of Union and Progress restored 1876 constitution.
- 1909: Hamid forced from power and exiled.
- Improved transportation with railroads.
- Encouraged the building of Mecca railroad making Islam's holy places more accessible
- Subsidized the pan-Islamic policy of Jamal-ud-Din al-Afghani whom he imprisoned.
- Encouraged widespread support for himself as the head of caliphate.
- Much loss of Balkans
- Growing European intervention
- Emergence of the Committee of Union and Progress (reformers who oppose to the sultan's disregard for the notion of reform.)
- Attempted to bring Kurdish tribes into his own control.
-Armenian Nationalist Movements were going on.
-Egypt: Hamid failed to reassert Ottoman control of it leading to British taking control of it.
Short-term effects:
- Empire became unable to repay foreign debt
Long-term effects:
- Constitution
- Loss of Ottoman Territory
Analysis By Reema N
1750-1914
